See your year-one cash yield: annual cash flow divided by the cash you actually invested.
Estimate only, runs entirely in your browser. SealedFolio tracks this automatically once you own the property. See how.
Cash-on-cash return answers a simple question: for every dollar you put in, how much cash comes back in a year? The formula is annual pre-tax cash flow / total cash invested.
Cash-on-cash reflects your financing, unlike cap rate. For the full deal, pair it with the rental ROI and rental income calculators.
Many buy-and-hold investors target 8 to 12 percent cash-on-cash, but it depends on the market, leverage, and risk. Lower-risk properties in expensive markets often return less; higher-leverage or value-add deals can return more. Compare against what the same cash would earn elsewhere.
Cash-on-cash return = annual pre-tax cash flow divided by total cash invested, as a percentage. Cash invested includes the down payment, closing costs, and any upfront repairs. Unlike cap rate, it reflects your financing.
Cash-on-cash return measures only the annual cash flow against cash invested. Total ROI also includes principal paydown, appreciation, and tax benefits. Cash-on-cash is the year-one cash yield; ROI is the fuller long-term picture.